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Fallopia sachalinensis
''Fallopia sachalinensis'' (giant knotweed or Sakhalin knotweed Japanese オオイタドリ ''ooitadori'', Russian Горец сахалинский, Гречиха сахалинская; syn. ''Polygonum sachalinense'' F.Schmidt, ''Reynoutria sachalinensis'' (F.Schmidt) Nakai) is a species of ''Fallopia'' native to northeastern Asia in northern Japan (Hokkaidō, Honshū) and the far east of Russia (Sakhalin and the southern Kurile Islands).
''Fallopia sachalinensis'' is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to tall, with strong, extensively spreading rhizomes forming large clonal colonies. The leaves are some of the larges in the family, up to long and broad, nearly heart-shaped, with a somewhat wavy, crenate margin. The flowers are small, produced on short, dense panicles up to long in late summer or early autumn; it is gynodioecious, with male and female (male sterile) flowers on separate plants. The species is closely related to the Japanese knotweed, ''Fallopia japonica'', and can be distinguished from it by its larger size, and in its leaves having a heart-shaped (not straight) base and a crenate margin. ''Fallopia sachalinensis'' has a chromosome count of 2n=44.〔Flora of NW Europe: (''Fallopia sachalinensis'' )〕〔Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.〕
==Cultivation and uses==
The shoots are tender and edible. It was introduced to Europe and grown in many botanic gardens. It came prominently into notice about 1893, when a drought in western Europe caused a decided shortage in forage for cattle. This plant was little affected, and since its tender shoots and leaves were eaten by stock, the plant was widely grown experimentally as a forage crop. It has proved less useful than was predicted, and its deliberate cultivation has been almost entirely abandoned.〔''New International Encyclopedia''. Yale University Press, 1926.〕 It has, however, like ''F. japonica'', proved to be an invasive weed in several areas.
It has hybridised with ''Fallopia japonica'' in cultivation; the hybrid, ''Fallopia × bohemica'' (Chrtek & Chrtková) J.P.Bailey, is frequently found in the British Isles and elsewhere.〔〔Japanese Knotweed Alliance: (''Fallopia'' hybrids )〕
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